Currently, ten types of covid vaccines have received permission from BPOM for use by the wider community to prevent transmission of COVID-19. Each vaccine has its mechanism for administration, from the number of doses, and the interval of administration, to the vaccine platform.
The COVID-19 vaccination program in Indonesia started in January 2021. At the start of the program, the types of COVID-19 vaccines given to the public was Sinovac in stages.
However, over time, the government began adding other types of vaccines to achieve herd immunity and the target number of people vaccinated and achieve herd immunity.
So, what types of covid vaccines are currently being used in Indonesia?
List of Types of COVID-19 Vaccines in Indonesia
To be used by the wider community, according to the Decree of the Minister of Health Number 9.860/2020, corona vaccine must obtain a distribution permit or approval for use during an emergency from the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM).
Ten types of COVID-19 vaccines have received emergency use permits from BPOM. Each of these types of vaccines has a mechanism for its administration, from the number of doses, and the interval of administration, to different vaccine platforms, such as inactivated viruses, RNA-based, viral-vector, and protein sub-units.
read more: Flu Vaccine: Recognize Benefits and Side Effects
Here are Vaccines Used in Indonesia
Sinovac
The Sinovac vaccine is a Chinese-made vaccine that has been authorized for emergency use in Indonesia. It is an inactivated vaccine that contains a small amount of the virus that causes COVID-19. This vaccine is given in two doses, with a time interval of 2-4 weeks between doses. The Sinovac vaccine has an efficacy rate of around 65-91%, depending on the study.
AstraZeneca
The AstraZeneca vaccine is a vaccine developed by the University of Oxford and AstraZeneca. It is a viral vector vaccine that uses a weakened version of a different virus to deliver instructions to the body to create an immune response. This vaccine is given in two doses, with a time interval of 4-12 weeks between doses. The AstraZeneca vaccine has an efficacy rate of around 70-90%, depending on the study.
Moderna
The Moderna vaccine is a vaccine developed by Moderna and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. It is an mRNA vaccine that uses a piece of genetic material from the virus that causes COVID-19 to instruct cells in the body to create a protein that triggers an immune response. This vaccine is given in two doses, with a time interval of 4-6 weeks between doses. The Moderna vaccine has an efficacy rate of around 94-95%, depending on the study.
Pfizer-BioNTech
The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is a vaccine developed by Pfizer and BioNTech. It is an mRNA vaccine that uses the same technology as the Moderna vaccine. This vaccine is given in two doses, with a time interval of 3-4 weeks between doses. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine has an efficacy rate of around 95%, depending on the study.
Sinopharm
The Sinopharm vaccine is a Chinese-made vaccine that has been authorized for emergency use in Indonesia. It is an inactivated vaccine that contains a small amount of the virus that causes COVID-19. This vaccine is given in two doses, with a time interval of 2-4 weeks between doses. The Sinopharm vaccine has an efficacy rate of around 79%, depending on the study.
Covovax
The Covovax vaccine is a vaccine developed by Novavax. It is a protein subunit vaccine that uses a piece of the virus to trigger an immune response. This vaccine is given in two doses, with a time interval of 3-4 weeks between doses. The Covovax vaccine is still undergoing clinical trials, and its efficacy rate has not yet been published.
Sputnik V
The Sputnik V vaccine is a vaccine developed by the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. It is a viral vector vaccine that uses a weakened version of a different virus to deliver instructions to the body to create an immune response. This vaccine is given in two doses, with a time interval of 3-4 weeks between doses. The Sputnik V vaccine has an efficacy rate of around 91-92%, depending on the study.
Johnson & Johnson
Johnson & Johnson is a vaccine developed by a US multinational corporation, Johnson & Johnson. It is a viral vector vaccine that uses a modified adenovirus to deliver the genetic material of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the body. Johnson & Johnson is a single-dose vaccine that has an efficacy rate of around 70% to 80%.
Of the eight types of COVID-19 vaccines mentioned above, Sinovac is the most widely used in Indonesia. The Indonesian government has secured 426 million doses of Sinovac, which is enough to vaccinate most of the population. However, the government is also diversifying its vaccine portfolio by procuring other types of vaccines.
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